Ipomoea batatas växt
Sweet Potato Vine Guide: How to Grow & Care for “Ipomoea batatas”
The sweet potato Ipomoea batatas is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchysweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a root vegetable. Cultivars of the sweet potato have been bred to bear tubers with flesh and skin of various colors. Sweet potato is only distantly related to the common potato Solanum tuberosumboth being in the order Solanales.
Although darker sweet potatoes are often referred to as "yams" in parts of North America, the species is even more distant from the true yamswhich are monocots in the order Dioscoreales. The sweet potato is native to the tropical regions of South America in what is present-day Ecuador. The genus Ipomoea that contains the sweet potato also includes ipomoea batata växt garden flowers called morning gloriesbut that term is not usually extended to I.
Some cultivars of I. Sweet potatoes can also be called yams in North America. When soft varieties were first grown commercially there, there was a need to differentiate between the two. Enslaved Africans had already been calling the 'soft' sweet potatoes 'yams' because they resembled the unrelated yams in Africa.
Ipomoea batatas (Sweet Potato) - Gardenia
The plant is a herbaceous perennial vinebearing alternate triangle-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers. The stems are usually crawling on the ground and form adventitious roots at the nodes.
The leaves are screwed along the stems. The leaf stalk is 13 to 51 centimetres 5 to 20 inches long. The leaf blades are very ipomoea batata växt, 5 to 13 cm 2 to 5 in long, the shape is heart- kidney- to egg-shaped, rounded or triangular and spear-shaped, the edge can be entire, toothed or often three to seven times lobed, cut or divided. Most of the leaf surfaces are bare, rarely hairy, and the tip is rounded to pointed.
The leaves are mostly green in color, but the accumulation of anthocyaninsespecially along the leaf veins, can make them purple. Depending on the variety, the total length of a stem can be between 0.
How to Grow and Care for Sweet Potato Vine
Some cultivars also form shoots up to 16 m 52 ft in length. However, these do not form underground storage organs. The hermaphroditefive-fold and short-stalked flowers are single or few in stalked, zymous inflorescences that arise from the leaf axils and stand upright. It produces flowers when the day is short. The inner three are a ipomoea batata växt longer.
The enclosed stamens are of unequal length with glandular filaments. The two-chamber ovary is upper constant with a relatively short stylus. The flowers open before sunrise and stay open for a few hours. They close again in the morning and begin to wither. The edible tuberous root is long and tapered, with a smooth skin whose color ranges between yellow, orange, red, brown, purple, and beige.
Its flesh ranges from beige through white, red, pink, violet, yellow, orange, and purple.
Sweet potato: Plant, Root, Description, Uses, & Facts
Sweet potato cultivars with white or "ipomoea batata växt" yellow flesh are less sweet and moist than those with red, pink or orange flesh. The sweet potato originates in South America in what is present-day Ecuador. The genome of cultivated sweet potatoes contains sequences of DNA from Agrobacterium sensu lato ; specifically, one related to Rhizobium rhizogeneswith genes actively expressed by the plants.
Before the arrival of Europeans to the Americas, sweet potato was grown in Polynesiagenerally spread by vine cuttings rather than by seeds. Adelaar and Muysken assert that the similarity in the ipomoea batata växt for sweet potato is proof of either incidental contact or sporadic contact between the Central Andes and Polynesia. Some researchers, citing divergence time estimates, suggest that sweet potatoes might have been present in Polynesia thousands of years before humans arrived there.
The sweet potato arrived in Europe with the Columbian exchange. Sweet potatoes were first introduced to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period — via the Manila galleonsalong with other New World crops. Sweet potatoes were also introduced to the Ryukyu Kingdompresent-day OkinawaJapan, in the early s by the Portuguese. The project succeeded for a year but ultimately failed in winter after Kang's unexpected death.
Although the soft, orange sweet potato is often called a " yam " in parts of North America, the sweet potato is very distinct from the botanical yam Dioscoreawhich has a cosmopolitan distribution, [ 48 ] and belongs to the monocot family Dioscoreaceae. A different crop plant, the oca Oxalis tuberosaa species of wood sorrelis called a "yam" in many parts of the world.
Although the sweet potato is not closely related botanically to the common potatothey have a shared etymology.